Ex-minister backs road tolls for city drivers 1. Discuss the effect which city-centre congestion charges would have on: a) private car users b) delivery firms c) the fares of taxi cabs d) the use of public transport. 2. Critics argue that such measures would be ineffective unless public transport was improved. Explain why you think they hold this view. 3. a) Charges of £2000 or more may deter some commuters from working in London. What effect might these charges have on labour costs? b) Such charges may generate negative externalities if they are based on time spent on the road. What externalities may be incurred? 4. Motorist groups argue that road pricing is discriminatory against low income groups. Discuss whether this view is valid and identify other groups who may be similarly disadvantaged.